[1]Heit JA.Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism[J].Nat Rev Cardiol,2015,12:464-474.
[2]Khorana AA,Francis CW,Culakova E,et al.Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy[J].J Thromb Haemost,2007,5:632-634.
[3]Day ISCfWT.Thrombosis:A major contributor to the global disease burden[J].J Thromb Haemost,2014,12:1580-1590.
[4]Frere C,Farge D.Clinical practice guidelines for prophylaxis of venous thomboembolism in cancer patients[J].Thromb Haemost,2016,116(4):618-625.
[5]Ay C,Unal UK.Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in lung cancer[J].Curr Opin Oncol,2016,28(2):145-149.
[6]Salla E,Dimakakos EP,Tsagkouli S,et al.Venous thromboembolism in patients diagnosed with lung cancer[J].Angiology,2016,67(8):709-724.
[7]Yu YB,Gau JP,Liu CY,et al.A nation-wide analysis of venous thromboembolism in 497,180 cancer patients with the development and validation of a risk-stratification scoring system[J].Thromb Haemost,2012,108(2):225-235.
[8]Riedl J,Posch F,Konigsbrugge O,et al.Red cell distribution width and other red blood cell parameters in patients with cancer:Association with risk of venous thromboembolism and mortality[J].Plos One,2014,9:e111440.
[9]Zhang Y,Yang Y,Chen W,et al.Prevalence and associations of VTE in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer[J].Chest,2014,146:650-658.
[10]Van der Hulle T,Den Exter PL,Planquette B,et al.Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major hemorrhage in cancer-associated incidental pulmonary embolism among treated and untreated patients:A pooled analysis of 926 patients[J].J Thromb Haemost,2016,14(1):105-113.
[11]Di Nisio M,Lee AY,Carrier M,et al.Diagnosis and treatment of incidental venous thromboembolism in cancer patients:Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH[J].J Thromb Haemost,2015,13(5):880-883.
[12]Van Es N,Bleker SM,Di Nisio M.Cancer-associated unsuspected pulmonary embolism[J].Thromb Res,2014,133(Suppl 2):S172-178.
[13]Roselli M,Riondino S,Mariotti S,et al.Clinical models and biochemical predictors of VTE in lung cancer[J].Cancer Metastasis Rev,2014,33(2-3):771-789.
[14]Paneesha S,McManus A,Arya R,et al.Frequency,demographics and risk(according to tumour type or site) of cancer-associated thrombosis among patients seen at outpatient DVT clinics[J].Thromb Haemost,2010,103(2):338-343.
[15]Chew HK,Davies AM,Wun T,et al.The incidence of venous thromboembolism among patients with primary lung cancer[J].J Thromb Haemost,2008,6:601-608.
[16]Roberts LN,Patel RK,Arya R.Venous thromboembolism and ethnicity[J].Br J Haematol,2009,146(4):369-383.
[17]Khorana AA,Francis CW,Culakova E,et al.Frequency,risk factors,and trends for venous thromboembolism among hospitalized cancer patients[J].Cancer,2007,110(10):2339-2346.
[18]Konigsbrugge O,Pabinger I,Ay C.Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in cancer:Novel findings from the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study(CATS)[J].Thromb Res,2014,133(Suppl 2):S39-43.
[19]Martin-Martos F,Trujillo-Santos J,Del Toro J,et al.Gender differences in patients with venous thromboembolism and five common sites of cancer[J].Thromb Res,2017,151(Suppl 1):S16-S20.
[20]Konigsbrugge O,Lotsch F,Reitter EM,et al.Presence of varicose veins in cancer patients increases the risk for occurrence of venous thromboembolism[J].J Thromb Haemost,2013,11:1993-2000.
[21]Zhang Y,Yang Y,Chen W,et al.Hypertension associated with venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:19603.
[22]Mahmoodi BK,Cushman M,Anne Naess I,et al.Association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with venous thromboembolism:An individual participant data meta-analysis of prospective studies[J].Circulation,2017,135:7-16.
[23]Blom JW,Osanto S,Rosendaal FR.The risk of a venous thrombotic event in lung cancer patients:Higher risk for adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma[J].J Thromb Haemost,2004,2(10):1760-1765.
[24]Lee YG,Kim I,Lee E,et al.Risk factors and prognostic impact of venous thromboembolism in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J].Thromb Haemost,2014,111(6):1112-1120.
[25]Ahlbrecht J,Dickmann B,Ay C,et al.Tumor grade is associated with venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer:Results from the vienna cancer and thrombosis study[J].J Clin Oncol,2012,30(31):3870-3875.
[26]Walker AJ,Baldwin DR,Card TR,et al.Risk of venous thromboembolism in people with lung cancer:A cohort study using linked UK healthcare data[J].Br J Cancer,2016,115(1):115-121.
[27]Yang Y,Zhou Z,Niu XM,et al.Clinical analysis of postoperative venous thromboembolism risk factors in lung cancer patients[J].J Surg Oncol,2012,106:736-741.
[28]Huang H,Korn JR,Mallick R,et al.Incidence of venous thromboembolism among chemotherapy-treated patients with lung cancer and its association with mortality:A retrospective database study[J].J Thromb Thrombolysis,2012,34:446-456.
[29]Stein PD,Beemath A,Meyers FA,et al.Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized with cancer[J].Am J Med,2006,119(1):60-68.
[30]Castaman G.Risk of thrombosis in cancer and the role of supportive care(transfusion,catheters,and growth factors)[J].Thromb Res,2016,140(Suppl 1):S89-92.
[31]Khorana AA,Francis CW,Blumberg N,et al.Blood transfusions,thrombosis,and mortality in hospitalized patients with cancer[J].Arch Intern Med,2008,168:2377-2381.
[32]Fuste B,Serradell M,Escolar G,et al.Erythropoietin triggers a signaling pathway in endothelial cells and increases the thrombogenicity of their extracellular matrices in vitro[J].Thromb Haemost,2002,88:678-685.
[33]Steurer M,Sudmeier I,Stauder R,et al.Thromboembolic events in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome receiving thalidomide in combination with darbepoietin-alpha[J].Br J Haematol,2003,121(1):101-103.
[34]Bennett CL,Silver SM,Djulbegovic B,et al.Venous thromboembolism and mortality associated with recombinant erythropoietin and darbepoetin administration for the treatment of cancer-associated anemia[J].JAMA,2008,299(8):914-924.
[35]Hershman DL,Buono DL,Malin J,et al.Patterns of use and risks associated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents among medicare patients with cancer[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2009,101(23):1633-1641.
[36]Chopra V,Anand S,Hickner A,et al.Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Lancet,2013,382:311-325.
[37]Tesselaar ME,Ouwerkerk J,Nooy MA,et al.Risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients[J].Eur J Cancer,2004,40(15):2253-2259.
[38]Khorana AA,Kuderer NM,Culakova E,et al.Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis[J].Blood,2008,111(10):4902-4907.
[39]Ay C,Dunkler D,Marosi C,et al.Prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients[J].Blood,2010,116(24):5377-5382.
[40]Gerotziafas GT,Taher A,Abdel-Razeq H,et al.A predictive score for thrombosis associated with breast,colorectal,lung,or ovarian cancer:The prospective COMPASS-Cancer-associated thrombosis study[J].Oncologist,2017,22(10):1222-1231.
[41]Pabinger I,Ay C.Biomarkers and venous thromboembolism[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2009,29:332-336.
[42]Zhou YX,Yang ZM,Feng J,et al.High plasma D-dimer level is associated with decreased survival in patients with lung cancer:A meta-analysis[J].Tumour Biol,2013,34:3701-3704.
[43]Ay C,Vormittag R,Dunkler D,et al.D-dimer and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 predict venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer:Results from the vienna cancer and thrombosis study[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(25):4124-4129.