［1］HENLEY S,WARD E,SCOTT S,et al.Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer,part I:National cancer statistics［J］.Cancer，2020,126(10):2225-2249.
［2］FURUSE J.Paradigm shifting of systemic chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer in Japan［J］.Journal of Clinical Medicine,2019,8(8)：1170.
［3］BARRETT R,PURE E.Cancer-associated fibroblasts:key determinants of tumor immunity and immunotherapy［J］.Current Opinion in Immunology,2020,64:80-87.
［4］JOSHI R,KANUGULA S,SUDHIR S,et al.The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor progression［J］.Cancers,2021,13(6)：1399.
［5］DENG L,JIANG N,ZENg J,et al.The versatile roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer and therapeutic implications［J］.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,2021,9:733270.
［6］MUROYAMA Y,NIRSCHL T,KOCHEL C,et al.Stereotactic radiotherapy increases functionally suppressive regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment［J］.Cancer Immunology Research,2017,5(11):992-1004.
［7］VITALE I,MANIC G,COUSSENS L,et al.Macrophages and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment［J］.Cell Metabolism,2019,30(1):36-50.
［8］ZHANG W,WANG H,SUN M,et al.CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in tumor microenvironment as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target［J］.Cancer Communications(London,England),2020,40:69-80.
［9］LYU Q,XIE L,CHENG Y,et al.A20-mediated deubiquitination of ERα in the microenvironment of CD163 macrophages sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to estrogen［J］.Cancer Letters，2019,442:137-147.
［10］车祺,刘素英,董曦，等.肿瘤微环境促进子宫内膜癌细胞分泌雌激素［J］.中国临床医学，2020,27(2):313-316.
CHE Q,LIU SY,DONG X,et al.Tumor microenvironment promotes estrogen secretion of endometrial cancer cells［J］.Chinese Clinical Medicine,2020,27(2):313-316.
［11］FANG Z,XU J,ZHANG B,et al.The promising role of noncoding RNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts:an overview of current status and future perspectives［J］.Journal of Hematology & Oncology,2020,13(1):154.
［12］刘鹏,武云昊,韩佳宏,等.外泌体在胰腺癌中的研究现状与进展［J］.现代肿瘤医学,2019,27(4):706-709.
LIU P,WU YH,HAN JH,et al.Research status and progress of exosomes in pancreatic cancer［J］.Modern Oncology,2019,27(4):706-709.
［13］MAO X,XU J,WANG W,et al.Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment:new findings and future perspectives［J］.Molecular Cancer,2021,20(1):131.
［14］VIRCHOW R.Cellular pathology.As based upon physiological and pathological histology.Lecture XVI-Atheromatous affection of arteries［J］.Nutrition Reviews,1989,47(1):23-25.
［15］TARIN D,CROFT C.Ultrastructural features of wound healing in mouse skin［J］.Journal of Anatomy,1969,105:189-190.
［16］XU X,ZHANG X,WANG S,et al.Isolation and comparison of mesenchymal stem-like cells from human gastric cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues［J］.Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology,2011,137(3):495-504.
［17］WEIGEL M,BANERJEE S,ARNEDOS M,et al.Enhanced expression of the PDGFR/Abl signaling pathway in aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer［J］.Annals of Oncology,2013,24(1):126-133.
［18］GOETZ J,MINGUET S,NAVARRO-LERIDA I,et al.Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and metastasis［J］.Cell,2011,146(1):148-163.
［19］ORIMO A,GUPTA P,SGROI D,et al.Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 secretion［J］.Cell,2005,121(3):335-348.
［20］MURATA T,MIZUSHIMA H,CHINEN I,et al.HB-EGF and PDGF mediate reciprocal interactions of carcinoma cells with cancer-associated fibroblasts to support progression of uterine cervical cancers［J］.Cancer Research,2011,71(21):6633-6642.
［21］KARNOUB A,DASH A,VO A,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells within tumour stroma promote breast cancer metastasis［J］.Nature,2007,449(7162):557-563.
［22］ZEISBERG E,POTENTA S,XIE L,et al.Discovery of endothelial to mesenchymal transition as a source for carcinoma-associated fibroblasts［J］.Cancer Research,2007,67(21):10123-10128.
［23］BOCHET L,LEHUEDE C,DAUVILLIER S,et al.Adipocyte-derived fibroblasts promote tumor progression and contribute to the desmoplastic reaction in breast cancer［J］.Cancer Research,2013,73(18):5657-5668.
［24］MATSUMOTO T,KANO K,KONDO D,et al.Mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat cells exhibit multilineage potential［J］.Journal of Cellular Physiology,2008,215(1):210-222.
［25］WEBER C,KOTHARI A,WAI P,et al.Osteopontin mediates an MZF1-TGF-β1-dependent transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer［J］.Oncogene,2015,34(37):4821-4833.
［26］ERKAN M,ADLER G,APTE M,et al.StellaTUM:current consensus and discussion on pancreatic stellate cell research［J］.Gut,2012,61(2):172-178.
［27］LI Y,ZHANG J,XU J,et al.The metabolism symbiosis between pancreatic cancer and tumor microenvironment［J］.Frontiers in Oncology,2021,11:759376.
［28］AUGSTEN M.Cancer-associated fibroblasts as another polarized cell type of the tumor microenvironment［J］.Frontiers in Oncology,2014,4:62.
［29］HINZ B.Formation and function of the myofibroblast during tissue repair［J］.The Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2007,127(3):526-537.
［30］KLOPPEL G,DETLEFSEN S,FEYERABEND B.Fibrosis of the pancreas:the initial tissue damage and the resulting pattern［J］.Virchows Archiv,2004,445(1):1-8.
［31］NIELSEN M,MORTENSEN M,DETLEFSEN S.Key players in pancreatic cancer-stroma interaction:Cancer-associated fibroblasts,endothelial and inflammatory cells［J］.World Journal of Gastroenterology,2016,22(9):2678-2700.
［32］OHLUND D,HANDLY-SANTANA A,BIFFI G,et al.Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer［J］.The Journal of Experimental Medicine,2017,214(3):579-596.
［33］NIELSEN M,MORTENSEN M,DETLEFSEN S.Typing of pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts identifies different subpopulations［J］.World Journal of Gastroenterology,2018,24(41):4663-4678.
［34］MIZUTANI Y,KOBAYASHI H,IIDA T,et al.Meflin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts inhibit pancreatic carcinogenesis［J］.Cancer Research,2019,79(20):5367-5381.
［35］张冰冰,唐海双,张晶,等.肿瘤相关成纤维细胞通过IL-6/STAT3通路介导胰腺癌中髓源性抑制细胞的分化［J］.第二军医大学学报，2019,40(5):520-527.
ZHANG BB,TANG HS,ZHANG J,et al.Tumor associated fibroblasts mediate the differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells in pancreatic cancer through IL-6/STAT3 pathway［J］.Journal of the Second Military Medical University,2019,40(5):520-527.
［36］BRUNETTO E,DE MONTE L,BALZANO G,et al.The IL-1/IL-1 receptor axis and tumor cell released inflammasome adaptor ASC are key regulators of TSLP secretion by cancer associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer［J］.Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer,2019,7(1):45.
［37］VENNIN C,MELENEC P,ROUET R,et al.CAF hierarchy driven by pancreatic cancer cell p53-status creates a pro-metastatic and chemoresistant environment via perlecan［J］.Nature Communications,2019,10(1):3637.
［38］APTE M,WILSON J,LUGEA A,et al.A starring role for stellate cells in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment［J］.Gastroenterology,2013,144(6):1210-1219.
［39］STROMNES I,DELGIORNO K,GREENBERG P,et al.Stromal reengineering to treat pancreas cancer［J］.Carcinogenesis,2014,35(7):1451-1460.
［40］WAGHRAY M,YALAMANCHILI M,DI MAGLIANO M,et al.Deciphering the role of stroma in pancreatic cancer［J］.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology,2013,29(5):537-543.
［41］XIAO Q,ZHOU D,RUCKI A,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer are reprogrammed by tumor-induced alterations in genomic DNA methylation［J］.Cancer Research,2016,76(18):5395-5404.
［42］RICHARDS K,ZELENIAK A,FISHEL M,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes regulate survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells［J］.Oncogene,2017,36(13):1770-1778.
［43］AWAJI M,FUTAKUCHI M,HEAVICAN T,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance survival and progression of the aggressive pancreatic tumor via FGF-2 and CXCL8［J］.Cancer Microenvironment,2019,12(1):37-46.
［44］DE MONTE L,RENI M,TASSI E,et al.Intratumor T helper type 2 cell infiltrate correlates with cancer-associated fibroblast thymic stromal lymphopoietin production and reduced survival in pancreatic cancer［J］.The Journal of Experimental Medicine,2011,208(3):469-478.
［45］LEBLEU V,KALLURI R.A peek into cancer-associated fibroblasts:origins,functions and translational impact［J］.Disease Models & Mechanisms,2018,11(4):29447.
［46］AHMADZADEH H,WEBSTER M,BEHERA R,et al. Modeling the two-way feedback between contractility and matrix realignment reveals a nonlinear mode of cancer cell invasion［J］.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(9):E1617-E1626.
［47］AWAJI M,SINGH R.Cancer-associated fibroblasts' functional heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma［J］.Cancers,2019,11(3):290.
［48］LUDWIG N,RUBENICH D,ZAREBA L,et al. Potential roles of tumor cell-and stroma cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in promoting a pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment［J］.Cancers,2020,12(12):3559.
［49］王浩菲,魏敏杰.肿瘤微环境中外泌体功能研究进展［J］.现代肿瘤医学,2020,28(3):504-507.
WANG HF,WEI MJ.Research progress of exocrine function in tumor microenvironment［J］.Modern Oncology,2020,28(3):504-507.
［50］ZHOU W,ZHOU Y,CHEN X,et al.Pancreatic cancer-targeting exosomes for enhancing immunotherapy and reprogramming tumor microenvironment［J］.Biomaterials,2021,268:120546.