［1］Torre LA，Bray F，Siegel RL，et al.Global cancer statistics，2012［J］.CA Cancer J Clin，2015，65(38)：87-108.
［2］Brenner H，Kloor M，Pox CP.Colorectal cancer［J］.Lancet，2014，383(14)：1490-1502.
［3］Center MM，Jemal A，Ward E.International trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates［J］.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev，2009，18(36)：1688-1694.
［4］Zheng ZX，Zheng RS，Zhang SW，et al.Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in China，2010［J］.Asian Pac J Cancer Prev，2014，15(76)：8455-8460.
［5］Center MM，Jemal A，Smith RA，et al.Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer［J］.CA Cancer J Clin，2009，59(7)：366-378.
［6］Bosetti C，Bertuccio P，Malvezzi M，et al.Cancer mortality in Europe，2005-2009，and an overview of trends since 1980［J］.Ann Oncol，2013，24(19)：2657-2671.
［7］Chatenoud L，Bertuccio P，Bosetti C，et al.Trends in mortality from major cancers in the Americas：1980-2010［J］.Ann Oncol，2014，25(33)：1843-1853.
［8］Edwards BK，Ward E，Kohler BA，et al.Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer，1975-2006，featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors，screening，and treatment) to reduce future rates［J］.Cancer，2010，116(27)：544-573.
［9］Jones RJ，Dickerson S，Bhende PM，et al.Epstein-Barr virus lytic infection induces retinoic acid-responsive genes through induction of a retinol-metabolizing enzyme，DHRS9［J］.J Biol Chem，2007，282(9)：8317-8324.
［10］Kropotova ES，Zinovieva OL，Zyryanova AF，et al.Altered expression of multiple genes involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis in human colorectal cancer［J］.Pathol Oncol Res，2014，20(36)：707-717.
［11］Wang C，Kane MA，Napoli JL.Multiple retinol and retinal dehydrogenases catalyze all-trans-retinoic acid biosynthesis in astrocytes［J］.J Biol Chem，2011，286(76)：6542-6553.
［12］Bushue N，Wan YJ.Retinoid pathway and cancer therapeutics［J］.Adv Drug Deliv Rev，2010，62(27)：1285-1298.
［13］Napoli JL.Physiological insights into all-trans-retinoic acid biosynthesis［J］.Biochim Biophys Acta，2012，1821(36)：152-167.
［14］Soref CM，Di YP，Hayden L，et al.Characterization of a novel airway epithelial cell-specific short chain alcohol dehydrogenase/ reductase gene whose expression is up-regulated by retinoids and is involved in the metabolism of retinol［J］.J Biol Chem，2001，276(44)：24194-24202.
［15］Hu L，Chen L，Yang G，et al.HBx sensitizes cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by accelerating the loss of Mcl-1 protein via caspase-3 cascade［J］.Mol Cancer，2011，10(51)：43.
［16］Jette C，Peterson PW，Sandoval IT，et al.The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli and caudal related homeodomain protein regulate expression of retinol dehydrogenase L［J］.J Biol Chem，2004，279(18)：34397-34405.
［17］Yang GZ，Hu L，Cai J，et al.Prognostic value of carbonic anhydrase VII expression in colorectal carcinoma［J］.BMC Cancer，2015，15(52)：209.
［18］Wang RY，Chen L，Chen HY，et al.MUC15 inhibits dimerization of EGFR and PI3K-AKT signaling and is associated with aggressive hepatocellular carcinomas in patients［J］.Gastroenterology，2013，145(22)：1436-1448.
［19］Tang L，Tan YX，Jiang BG，et al.The prognostic significance and therapeutic potential of hedgehog signaling in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma［J］.Clin Cancer Res，2013，19(71)：2014-2024.
［20］Li W，Yu CP，Xia JT，et al.Sphingosine kinase 1 is associated with gastric cancer progression and poor survival of patients［J］.Clin Cancer Res，2009，15(36)：1393-1399.
［21］Liu N，Cui RX，He QM，et al.Reduced expression of Dicer11 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma［J］.Med Oncol，2013，30(31)：360.
［22］Young MJ，Wu YH，Chiu WT，et al.All-trans retinoic acid downregulates ALDH1-mediated stemness and inhibits tumour formation in ovarian cancer cells［J］.Carcinogenesis，2015，17(33)：132-140.
［23］Li B，Gao MH，Chu XM，et al.The synergistic antitumor effects of all-trans retinoic acid and C-phycocyanin on the lung cancer A549 cells in vitro and in vivo［J］.Eur J Pharmacol，2015，749(62)：107-114.
［24］Niles RM，Wilhelm SA，Thomas P，et al.The effect of sodium butyrate and retinoic acid on growth and CEA production in a series of human colorectal tumor cell lines representing different states of differentiation［J］.Cancer Investig，1988，6(17)：39-45.
［25］Reynolds S，Rajagopal S，Chakrabarty S.Differentiation-inducing effect of retinoic acid，difluoromethylornithine，sodium butyrate and sodium suramin in human colon cancer cells［J］.Cancer Lett，1998，134(61)：53-60.
［26］Adachi Y，Itoh F，Yamamoto H，et al.Retinoic acids reduce matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7) and inhibit tumor cell invasion in human colon cancer［J］.Tumour Biol，2001，22(27)：247-253.
［27］Nicke B，Kaiser A，Wiedenmann B，et al.Retinoic acid receptor alpha mediates growth inhibition by retinoids in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells［J］.Biochem Biophys Res Commun，1999，261(35)：572-577.
［28］Pasquali D，Thaller C，Eichele G.Abnormal level of retinoic acid in prostate cancer tissues［J］.J Clin Endocrinol Metab，1996，81(13)：2186-2191.
［29］Mira YLR，Zheng WL，Kuppumbatti YS，et al.Retinol conversion to retinoic acid is impaired in breast cancer cell lines relative to normal cells［J］.J Cell Physiol，2000，185(52)：302-309.
［30］Williams SJ，Cvetkovic D，Hamilton TC.Vitamin A metabolism is impaired in human ovarian cancer［J］.Gynecol Oncol，2009，112(23)：637-645.
［31］Matsumoto M，Yokoyama H，Suzuki H，et al.Retinoic acid formation from retinol in the human gastric mucosa：role of class IV alcohol dehydrogenase and its relevance to morphological changes［J］.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol，2005，289(14)：429-433.
［32］Pares X，Farres J，Kedishvili N，et al.Medium-and shortchain dehydrogenase/reductase gene and protein families：medium-chain and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in retinoid metabolism［J］.Cell Mol Life Sci，2008，65(18)：3936-3949.
［33］Wang J，Peng Y，Sun YW，et al.All-trans retinoic acid induces XAF1 expression through an interferon regulatory factor-1 element in colon cancer［J］.Gastroenterology，2006，130(28)：747-758.
［34］Woo YJ，Jang KL.All-trans retinoic acid activates E-cadherin expression via promoter hypomethylation in the human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells［J］.Biochem Biophys Res Commun，2012，425(214)：944-949.
［35］Webber C，Gospodarowicz M，Sobin LH，et al.Improving the TNM classification：findings from a 10-year continuous literature review［J］.Int J Cancer，2014，135(14)：371-378.