［1］VAN HOOREN L,SANDIN LC,MOSKALEV I,et al.Local checkpoint inhibition of CTLA-4 as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD1 prevents the growth of murine bladder cancer［J］.Eur J Immunol,2017,47:385-393.
[2]ZHAO Y,YANG W,HUANG Y,et al.Evolving roles for targeting CTLA-4 in cancer immunotherapy［J］.Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry,2018,47(2):721-734.
[3]LITTMAN DR.Releasing the brakes on cancer immunotherapy［J］.Cell,2015,162(6):1186-1190.
[4]MONTSERRAT RS M,AGUILAR-CRDOVA ESTUARDO,ROJAS-MARTNEZ AUGUSTO.Immunotherapy and gene therapy as novel treatments for cancer［J］.Colombia Médica,2017,48(3):138-147.
[5]HU P,LIU Q,DENG G,et al.The prognostic value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 in cancers:A systematic review and meta-analysis［J/OL］.Sci Rep,(2017-02-17)［2019-04-22］.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5314410/.DOI:10.1038/srep42913.
[6]HOSSEINZADEH F,MOHAMMADI S.Production and evaluation of specific single-chain antibodies against CTLA-4 for cancer-targeted therapy［J］.Rep Biochem Mol Biol,2017,6:8-14.
[7]QURESHI OS,ZHENG Y,NAKAMURA K,et al.Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86:A molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4［J］.Science,2011,332(6029):600-603.
[8]GROSSO JF,JUREKUNKEI MN.CTLA-4 blockade in tumor models:An overview of preclinical and translational research［J］.Cancer Immune,2013,13:5.
[9]CAROSELLA ED,PLOUSSARD G,LEMAOULT J,et al.A systematic review of immunotherapy in urologic cancer:Evolving roles for targeting of CTLA-4,PD-1/PD-L1,and HLA-G［J］.European Urology,2015,68(2):267-279.
[10]SCHNEIDER H,SMITH X,LIU H,et al.CTLA-4 disrupts ZAP70 microcluster formation with reduced T cell/APC dwell times and calcium mobilization［J］.European Journal of Immunology,2008,38(1):40-47.
[11]WING K,ONISHI Y,PRIETO-MARTIN P,et al.CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function［J］.Science,2008,322(5899):271-275.
[12]WATERHOUSE P,PENNINGER JM,TIMMS E,et al.Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4［J］.Science,1995,270(5238):985-988.
[13]CURRAN MA,MONTALVO W,YAGITA H,et al.PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors［J］.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2010,107(9):4275-4280.
[14]KARABON L,PAWLAK-ADAMSKA E,TOMKIEWICZ A,et al.Variations in suppressor molecule CTLA-4 gene are related to susceptibility to multiple myeloma in a polish population［J］.Pathology & Oncology Research,2012,18(2):219-226.
[15]WEBER J.Review:Anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab:Case studies of clinical response and immune-related adverse events［J］.Oncologist,2007,12(7):864-872.
[16]VAN DER VLIST M,KUBALL J,RADSTAKE TR.Immune checkpoints and rheumatic diseases:what can cancer immunotherapy teach us［J］.Nat Rev Rheumatol,2016,12:593-604.
[17]CORRALES L,SCILLA K,CAGLEVIC C,et al.Immunotherapy in lung cancer:A new age in cancer treatment［J］.Adv Exp Med Biol,2018,995:65-95.
[18]TARHINI A,LO E,MINOR DR.Releasing the brake on the immune system:Ipilimumab in melanoma and other tumors［J］.Cancer Biother Radiopharm,2010,25(6):601-613.
[19]CHEN DS,MELLMAN I.Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer-immune set point［J］.Nature,2017,541(7637):321-330.
[20]ARCE VARGAS F,FURNESS AJS,LITCHFIELD K,et al.Fc effector function contributes to the activity of human anti-CTLA-4 antibodies［J］.Cancer Cell,2018,33:649-663.
[21]INGRAM JR,BLOMBERG OS,RASHIDIAO M,et al.Anti-CTLA-4 therapy requires an Fc domain for efficacy［J］.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2018,115:3912-3917.
[22]TANVETYANON T,CREELAN BC,ANTONIA SJ.The safety and efficacy of nivolumab in advanced (metastatic) non-small cell lung cancer［J/OL］.Expert Rev Anticancer Ther,(2016-09-01)［2019-03-21］.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14737140.2016.1220836?journalCode=iery20.
[23]REABY N,HELLMANN MD,AWAD MM,et al.First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 568):Outcomes by programmed death ligand 1 and tumor mutational burden as biomarkers［J］.J Clin Oncol,2019,37:992-1000.
[24]LEE JY,LEE HT,SHIN W,et al.Structural basis of checkpoint blockade by monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy［J/OL］.Nat Commun,(2016-10-31)［2019-02-26］.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5095608/.DOI:10.1038/ncomms13354.
[25]YU T,ZHONG D.Clinical development of immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer［J］.Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer,2018,21(12):918-923.
[26]GADGEEL SM,PENNELL NA,FIDLER MJ,et al.Phase II study of maintenance pembrolizumab in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC)［J］.J Thorac Oncol,2018,13:1393-1399.
[27]ANAGNOSTOU V,SMITH KN,FORDE PM,et al.Evolution of neoantigen landscape during immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer［J］.Cancer Discov,2017,7:264-276.
[28]QIN Q,NAN X,MILLER T,et al.Complete local and abscopal responses from a combination of radiation and nivolumab in refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma［J］.Radiat Res,2018,190:322-329.
[29]CARBONNEL F,SOULARUE E,COUTZAC C,et al.Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer response due to anti-CTLA-4:is it in the flora［J］.Seminars in Immunopathology,2017,39(3):327-331.
[30]GEORGANAKI M,VAN HOOREN L,DIMBERG A.Vascular targeting to increase the efficiency of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer［J/OL］.Front Immunol,(2018-12-21)［2019-01-26］.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6309238/.DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03081.
[31]JACQUELOT N,ROBERTI MP,ENOT DP,et al.Predictors of responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced melanoma［J/OL］.Nat Commun,(2017-09-18)［2019-01-24］.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00608-2.DOI:10.1038/s41467-017-00608-2.